engineer是什么意思
英语中的所谓独立结构”,不过是从句的简化形式,为的是在不影响把意思表达清楚的前提下,使句子结构简练,紧凑。例如:
Lying on the coach, the boy fell asleep.
简化之前为:
While he was lying on the coach, the boy fell asleep.
再如:
We have divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.
简化之前为:
We have divided the work: he is to clean the windows and I am to sweep the floor.
自立用英语怎么说?slef...什么来着.
01. 主语独立、去连(接)词
「独立主格结构」与「分词作状语」的区别在于:
在上节课中,我们刚讲到现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。使用原则是:主、从句主语一致,并可以与when,if,though 等连接词连用。如:
而在「独立主格结构」中:1)主格(可以理解为主语”)是独立的,也就是说,独立主格结构的主语不用依赖主句,它自己就有主语,跟主句的主语不一样;
2)不带连(接)词。虫子之所以写成连(接)词”,是因为 and,so 等连接并列句的,称连词”;而 what, that,how,who 等连接从句的词,我们习惯性叫做连接词”。
02. 四大功能
独立主格结构有4个常用的功能,分别是表时间、条件、原因,和伴随;我们用十(时)条鹰(因)伴随”来记;接下来,虫子将在每种功能下列出几个例句,请大家留心例句中独立主格的构成方式。
?? 接下来,我们将分别对以上功能进行改装。此处有3个改装原则,请牢记:
1)对于独立主格结构的主语和动作,主动关系用 doing(现在分词)、被动关系用 done(过去分词)。有时候,一些固定搭配看起来像被动语态,实际上不含被动意义,如:be tired of, be filled with 等;
2)being,having been 一般省略,除了2种特殊情况,虫子写在04 Part;
3)连(接)词扔掉。
@ 表时间
解析:在独立主格结构中,连接词 when 丢掉;the class was over,可改装为:the class being over,但正常情况下,being/ having been 可以省略不写。剩下部分照搬。
下面这句,你来把它变成独立主格结构:
When dinner was finished, they didn’t offer to help me clean.饱饭过后,他们没人提出帮我收拾。
@ 表条件
解析:连接词 if 丢掉;weather permits, 主动关系,动词 permit 改成非谓语形式的 doing。剩下部分照搬。
到你了:
If all things are considered, he is just not that into you.综合考虑的话,他没有那么喜欢你啦。
@ 表原因
注:独立主格结构中,如果出现否定,not 要提前;小黄车还没有退他的押金”,1)ofo至今未退押金;2)这件事对他现在也产生了影响:他很不爽。现在完成时变独立主格结构,改为 having done 即可:hasn’t released → not having released。此外,连词 because 丢掉。
到你:
Dad didn’t take his medicine, so Mom started chattering on about it.老爸没有吃药,妈妈开启了叨逼叨模式。
注:didn’t take 只是简单的一般过去时,不涉及完成时,因此改装的时候不必小心翼翼,否定 not 提前,主动关系,后接 doing 即可。didn’t take → not taking。
@ 表伴随
注:wide 在本句中作副词,指(睁得)很大”,修饰睁着眼这个动作:She opened her eyes wide → Her eyes were opened wide. 改装为独立主格结构,were 丢掉,只留下过去分词 opened,剩下照搬,即:her eyes opened wide.
你:
He read books, while his wife sewed by his side.他看书,他老婆在旁边缝衣服。
03. 三大结构
以上,我们讲了独立主格结构十条鹰伴随”的功能,在这部分,我们大致看看独立主格结构的三种结构:
虫子认为,这三种结构大家都能记牢是最好的;如果实在记不全,想办法弄懂独立主格结构的改装规律(见 02 Part),有时间再多看看例句。
04. 特殊情况
1)在以下两种结构中,being,having been 不可以省略:
> > It be… 结构
It being Christmas, the stores are playing Jingle Bells.
It having been raining for days, I seem to have run out of dry panties.
> > There be… 结构
There being no taxi, we had to walk home.
2)一些固定搭配,本身是可以独立存在的分词短语,背下就对了:
> > to do
To make matters worse, the employees are banned from buying iPhones.
更糟的是,(企业)禁止员工购买苹果手机。
> > doing
Supposing the bride doesn’t show up, what shall we do?
假如新娘不出现的话,我们咋办?
Considering that he is a kid, we won’t let him get away!
(考虑到)他还只是孩子,千万不要放过他!
05. 课后练习
建议拿出小本本,把你的答案写下来;做完再统一核对。虫子在其中混了几个难题,等下会给出详细解析(要等大家做题后再解析,这样大家记得更牢;讲解中还会出现新的相关重点,墙裂建议大家认真做题,仔细核对答案)。
1) ______ Sunday, I shall have a nice day at home.
A. There being B. It being C. It is
2) With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager is having a hard time.
A. to settle B. settled C. to be settled
3) Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to be given another chance.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taken
4) The man stood under a tree, ______.
A. a pipe in mouth
B. with a pipe in mouth
C. pipe in mouth
5) The beggar stood there, ______ .
A. with back against the wall
B. with his back against the wall
C. his back was against the wall
6) The boy stood before the roasted duck, his eyes ______ on it and his mouth ______.
A. were fixed, was watered
B. fixed, watering
C. fixed, watered
7) ______, I had to do her work instead.
A. She was ill
B. Her being ill
C. She being ill
8) The lecture ______, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.
A. began B. beginning C. having begun
获取答案方式
微·信·公·号:虫虫讲英语
后·台·回·复:独立主格
「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号 —— 有时候,语法换一种方式讲,就听懂了。
06. 总结
> > 独立主格结构与分词作状语的区别:
> > 3个改装原则:
1)主动用 doing,被动用 done;
2)being,having been等常省略;
3)去掉连(接)词。
> > 4个功能,分别为表示时间、条件、原因,以及表示伴随状态(时、条、因、伴随),用十条鹰伴随”记忆。
> > 3种结构
> > 在以下两种结构中,being,having been 不可以省略:
1)It be… 结构
2)There be… 结构