英语中的词块学习（方法6）

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构成句子的第二大词块是动词词块。结构如下：

下面举例说明：

一、副词修饰动词，做状语。

1、修饰性副词：表示时间、地点、方式、程度等，位置灵活。

副词出现在动词前，这个和中文差不多。

We quickly got into the spirit of the adventure.

He fully accepts that taking and storing such images was inappropriate.

It really looks like a place from the third world.

谓语部分是系动词，副词在系动词后。

It was almost certainly just a joke

They are closely related to elephants.

Both parents have good jobs and are relatively well paid.

当谓语部分有多个动词，副词出现在第一个助动词后。

I was 26 and had just landed a sweet job

2、评注性副词：表明看法态度，修饰整个句子，一般在句首。

Surprisingly, those issues are the same.

Specifically, it would help koalas with chlamydia.

Unfortunately, it’s not an easy way out.

Technically, I require no qualifications at all.

Initially, we were anxious about how safe a self-drive tour would be.

Typically I’d get up at 5 am and get back home as late as 11 pm.

也有放在句中的情况：

There are definitely some health issues in the newborn period.

That may honestly be the greatest thing I’ve ever seen.

评注性副词放在句首，也起到衔接上下文的作用。除了以上例句中出现的，还有几类：

（1）单个副词

personally, frankly, obviously, clearly, briefly, luckily, fortunately, naturally, actually；

（2）副词词组

happily for sb., what is worse, worse still, strangely enough, not surprisingly

（3）副词+speaking

exactly speaking, generally speaking, frankly speaking, strictly speaking

3、连接性副词：表明前后句的逻辑衔接关系，在句首或句中。

Meanwhile the top four stations have all been pulled down in recent years.

Otherwise we will continue to live without a true understanding of life.

Instead, perhaps the aim should be to redefine who the majority are,

However, I knew the months of recovery would be critical to making my operation a success.

Initially the government was unwilling to accept the defeat.

此类副词起到语篇衔接纽带的作用，在读写中作用非常重要。为了便于集中学习，我们把这些副词按照基本逻辑关系分为五大类。

当然，每种关系中，还有一些其他形式、作用相同的表达法，如分词、介词词组，就不列在此了。

二、介词词组修饰动词。多数情况下，是介词词组让句子变得复杂。

介词词组修饰谓语动词，可出现多个，位置比较灵活，但在句尾较为常见：

We ended our South African adventure with a stay in Cape Town.

Trump in turn gave him presents including books by Martin Luther King.

After our drive, we decided to head straight out for dinner at Emily Moons.

We ate dinner at a new Indian restaurant called Marigold.

介词词组也可以修饰句中非谓语动词，一般紧随其后，以防产生歧义：

It is perfectly safe to travel in the main tourist areas.

Experiencing the animals at close hand was a moving experience.

Ashley Bakewell, 33, admitted secretly taking photographs of girls from behind.

介词加动名词，也是介词词组的一种：

My wife can be stressed by having to deal with the children for long periods.

除了介词词组，句中还可能同时出现多种形式的状语，如副词、状语从句：

Starfish have also been blamed for a large percentage of the decline in coral cover.

I no longer feel that the party speaks for the country as a whole.

We clearly benefited enormously from our education and development.

We can’t magically create graduate jobs for everyone with a degree.

需要注意的是：有些介词词组，功能和连接副词一样，起到衔接语篇的作用，如：

of course, from…point of view, in a word, 以及

in short, in brief（=briefly）

to one’s surprise（surprisingly）

as a matter of fact, in fact（=actually）

三、名词词组也能做状语。

The meeting lasted an hour.

I have told you many times.

I can't move even an inch.

Come this way, please.

I seldom work less than 50 hours a week.

Luckily for me, I will be starting further studies this October.

类似这样的名词词组，多用this（way）、that（day）、next（time）、every（day）、last（weekend）等构成，以及数词词组，如twice a time。

四、状语从句修饰动词，相当于副词，所以又称为副词性从句。

状语从句表示该行为发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、比较、让步、方式、程度。

I feel wasted as if all I did before was for nothing.（方式）

My son was asked recently what he would change if he were boss of the school.（条件）

When cultures meet and mingle, they inform and enrich each other.（时间）

When I look back, I wonder why I didn’t do it sooner.（时间）

If I am not there, I do not get the opportunities.（条件）

Hill says LGA babies often lose weight pretty quickly after they are born.（时间）

Vineyards dot the landscape as far as you can see.（程度）

I help out as much as I can with the laundry, dishes, nappies, bottles, and everything else.（程度）

五、不定式分句做状语。大多表示目的。

To keep my manager’s salary I need to end up working until 7 or 8pm.

To prove his innocence, Jamal tells the story of his life in the slums of Mumbai.

We work aggressively to ensure that we do not have terrorists or terror groups.

It would give me more time to feel on top of things in life.

有些不定式分句也起到连接副词、或评注性副词的作用，用来承接上下文，如：

to be honest=honestly

to make things worse=what’s worse

to tell the truth

to be sure=sure

to speak frankly=frankly speaking

可见，作为状语，可以用不同形式表达相同的意思，起到相同的修饰作用。

六、分词分句做状语。

1、现在分词分句做状语，表示的动作和谓语动作几乎是同时发生，和句子主语是主动的逻辑关系。

As an English teacher I work at home every night marking books and planning lessons.

（1、主语I和分词mark是主动关系；2、谓语动作work和分词mark是同时发生）

又如：

She had to spend afternoons at my school watching me work.

The national park provides three routes, depending on your fitness levels.

Sitting on the ground in a shady corner with my back against the wall, I took small sips from a can of Coke.

Franschhoek became a wine-making centre following the arrival of French Huguenots.

I changed jobs for a better balance, moving to an agency nearer home.

如果要表示正在被……的情况下”，则使用现在分词的被动式：

Being watched, he could only pretend to be nonchalant.（现在分词被动式）

Having been discovered, the thief confessed.（现在分词完成被动式，刻意强调在……之后”）

2、过去分词分句，表示该动作先于谓语动作发生，和句子主语是被动的逻辑关系。

Discouraged by the long hours and low pay, my sister finally quit her job.

（1、主语my sister和分词discourage是被动关系；2、谓语动作quit是发生在分词动作discourage之后）

又如：

Confused by your attitude, I cannot help you.

Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was driven by a steam engine.

有时候，过去分词仅仅是为了突出被动”关系：

Fate is like a strange, unpopular restaurant, filled with odd waiters who bring you things you never asked for and don't always like.

还有一种连词+分词”的结构，可以理解为省略了主语+系动词”成分的省略句：

I check my emails constantly before falling asleep. （=before I am falling asleep）

I could gain some working experience and skills while also undertaking academic study.（=while I am undertaking academic study.）

可以有多个分词分句做状语：

As the primary source of family income, covering all expenses, including mortgage and school fees, I feel the pressure to ensure I can continue to support them.

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